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Objective:To compare the efficacy of volume therapy guided by inferior vena cava ultrasound and lung ultrasound at different sites in patients undergoing grade four hysteroscopic surgery.Methods:A total of 90 patients, aged 18-64 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classificationⅠ or Ⅱ, undergoing elective grade four hysteroscopic surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 3 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: conventional group (C group), ultrasound at the subcostal area group (S group) and ultrasound at right mid-axillary line group (R group). When the inferior vena cava distensibility index<15% or pulmonary ultrasound B-line score>8.5 or arterial blood gas Na + concentrations <125 mmol/L, surgeons were advised to speed up the process of surgery and decrease the pressure of uterine distention, furosemide 10-20 mg was intravenously injected, and the speed of infusion was adjusted at the same time.On admission to the operating room (T 0), at 20 min after induction (T 1), 40 min after induction (T 2), and at the end of operation (T 3), the B-line score of lung ultrasound, concentrations of Lac and Na + and PaO 2/FiO 2 were recorded, and the postoperative complications, amount of uterine distention fluid, volume of fluid infused and time of laryngeal mask airway removal were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the pulmonary ultrasound B-line score was significantly decreased, the concentrations of Na + and PaO 2/FiO 2 were increased, the time of laryngeal mask airway removal was shortened, and the amount of uterine distention fluid was decreased in S and R groups, and the total incidence of complications was significantly decreased in group R ( P<0.05). Compared with group S, the lung ultrasound B-line score was significantly decreased, PaO 2/FiO 2 was increased, and the amount of uterine distention fluid was decreased in group R ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with subxiphoid process, the volume therapy guided by inferior vena cava ultrasound on the right mid-axillary line and lung ultrasound has more advantages in the patients undergoing grade four hysteroscopic surgery.
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Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a common way of respiratory support during general anesthesia and in critically ill patients. Recently people gradually realize that MV is a double-edged sword, which itself can also induce or aggravate lung injury as a damage factor, that is, ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). Current researches on the mechanisms of VILI have changed from traditional barotrauma/volutrauma/atelectasis to biotrauma. In particular, it should be noted that MV can not only cause damage to the lung, but also to the distant organs. This article reviews current researches on the molecular mechanisms of VILI, updates our understanding of them, and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of VILI and distant organ damage.
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Objective To investigate the association between the nutritional status and related factors in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Seventy-two patients with PD (PD group) and 71 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (control group) were enrolled in this study from September 2014 to November 2017 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.Their serum nutritional indices,including serum albumin,prealbumin,transferrin,free fatty acid and retinol conjugated protein,were collected.The PD participants were interviewed and assessed using motor and non-motor scales,including Hoehn and Yahr stage,Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS),Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire for Parkinson's Disease (NMSS),Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) and 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39).Their medication dosage was indicated by daily levodopa equivalent doses (LEDD).Body mass index (BMI) was used to determine their nutritional status,with abnormal nutritional status defined as BMI lower than 20 kg/m2.Results Levels of serum albumin (41.60 (40.28,43.98) g/L vs 44.00 (42.30,46.20) g/L,Z=4.500,P＜0.01),transferrin ((2.32±0.34) g/L vs (2.51±0.34) g/L,t=-3.305,P=0.001),and free fatty acid (418.00 (289.75,637.25) μmol/L vs 547.00 (386.00,699.00) μmol/L,Z=2.079,P=0.038) of the PD group were significantly lower than those of the control group.There was a significant negative correlation between serum albumin and MDS-UPDRS-Ⅱ score (r=-0.254,P=0.031),MDS-UPDRS-Ⅳ score (r=-0.256,P=0.030),years of dyskinesia (r=-0.240,P=0.043),years of motor fluctuation (r=-0.304,P=0.009) and LEDDs (r=-0.321,P=0.006).Disease duration was negatively correlated with serum albumin (r=-0.285,P=0.015) and transferrin (r=-0.275,P=0.019),and age (r=-0.252,P=0.032) was negatively correlated with prealbumin.The forward binary Logistic regression model indicated that abnormal nutritional status was closely associated with rigidity (OR=1.171,95％CI 1.013-1.354,P=0.032),akinesia (OR=1.070,95％CI 1.000-1.144,P=0.048),UDysRS score (OR=1.051,95％CI 1.004-1.099,P=0.032),MDS-UPDRS-Ⅳ score (OR=1.177,95％CI 1.018-1.360,P=0.027) and MMSE score (OR=0.821,95％CI 0.678-0.994,P=0.043),but not correlated with tremor and axial symptoms.Compared with PD patients with abnormal nutritional status,PD patients with normal nutritional status had higher MMSE scores (28.00 (27.00,29.00) vs 28.00 (25.00,28.00),Z=-2.060,P=0.039),lower rigidity (9.60±3.83 vs 12.00±4.29,t=-2.264,P=0.027),akinesia (19.98 ± 8.00 vs 24.42:±:8.06,t=-2.071,P=0.042) and MDS-UPDRS-Ⅳ scores (8.00 (5.00,11.00) vs 10.00 (9.00,13.00),Z=2.642,P=0.008).Conclusions PD patients tend to have a lower serum nutritional indices.PD patients with lower levels of serum nutritional indices are characterized by more severe motor complication,longer disease duration,older age and higher LEDD.PD patients with abnormal nutritional status have worse cognition and more severe motor symptoms (rigidity,akinesia and motor complication).
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Objective To investigate the inhibition mechanism of rohdea roth on hyphae formation by Candida albicans.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum fungicidal concentration(MFC)of C.albicans.The inhibitory effect of fungicidal adherence was detected by MTT assay.Inverted fluorescence microscope was used to observe effect on hyphae formation.The influence on Efg1 and Hwp1gene expression were detected by RT-PCR method.ResultsMIC and MFC of C.albicans were 16 mg/mL and 32 mg/mL, respectively.The inhibitory effects of rohdea roth on C.albicans adherence and hyphae formation were significantly inhibited,and the concentration was dose-dependent.After the concentration of 16 mg/mL acted on C.albicans for 6 h, hyphae disappeared completely.The results of RT-PCR showed that the gene expression of Efg1 and Hwp1 could be inhibited by rohdea roth.Compared with the control group,the expression of Efg1 and Hwp1in the experimental groupwere reduced by 84.18% and 59.57%(P<0.01).Conclusion The inhibitory effect of rohdea roth on the adherence and hyphae formation of C.albicans is mainly through inhibiting the expression of Efg1 and Hwp1genes.
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AIM:To investigate the effect of quercetin on the biological functions of rat bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and its potential mechanisms.METHODS:The bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated by density gradient centrifugation.The differentiated EPCs were cultured specially and stained with DiI-Ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-1.CD133+ and FLK-1+ were detected on the cell surfaces.After 14 d, the EPCs were incubated with a PI3K inhibitor BYL719 (3 μmol/L) and an ERK inhibitor FR180204 (15 μmol/L).After incubation of the inhibitors for 2 h, the cells were treated with quercetin at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 μmol/L).MTT assay and Transwell assay were used to detect cell viability and the number of migratory cells.The protein levels of AKT, eNOS, ERK and their phosphorylated status were determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Quercetin enhanced the viability and migration of the EPCs at a dose-dependent manner.However, the PI3K inhibitor BYL719 suppressed the QUE-induced cell viability and migration.Moreover, ERK inhibitor FR180204 exerted the similar inhibitory effect on the cell viability but had no effect on cell migration.Quercetin activated the phosphorylation of AKT, eNOS and ERK.On the other hand, BYL719 was observed to inhibit the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK.FR180204, however, was showed to inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK only.On the contrast, the stimulatory effects that quercetin exerted on the expression of eNOS and its phosphorylation were suppressed by BYL719 and FR180204.CONCLUSION:Quercetin stimulates the viability and migration of EPCs via PI3K/AKT/eNOS and ERK/eNOS signaling pathway, which would be beneficial for cardiovascular health.
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Objective To investigate the inhibition mechanism of gallnut on biofilm formation by MRSA 41577.Methods TTC assay was used to detect inhibitory effects of biofilms formation and mature biofilms.The of PIA on biofilm formation was studied using Congo red agar method.Micro-Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer was used to detect inhibitory effects of the release of eDNA.The influence for Baicalein on icaA and cidA gene expression were detected by RT-PCR method.Results The inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC) of MRSA 41577 BF were 0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively.The inhibitory effect of galla on MRSA 41577BF formation and mature BF was significantly inhibited.Inhibition of MRSA 41577,the MIC and MBC of mature BF were 4 mg/mL and 16 mg/mL.Congo red test results show that Galla can inhibit the synthesis of MRSA 41577 PIA, and the concentration was dose-dependent.The results showed that gallnut could inhibit the release of MRSA 41577 eDNA, and the release amount of eDNA was 3.61μg/OD595 and 11.91μg/OD595 , respectively, when the concentration of gall was 1/2MIC.The release of eDNA was reduced by 69.7% (P<0.01).The expression of icaA and cidA genes in the control group was 9.7% and 6.67%, respectively.The expression of icaA and cidA in the control group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( icaA and cidA, and cidA gene expression were 100%, the expression of icaA and cidA genes were reduced by 90.3%and 93.3%, respectively (P<0.01).Conclusion The inhibitory effect of gallnut on the biofilm of MRSA 41577 is mainly through inhibiting the expression of icaA and cidA genes, and then affecting the synthesis of PIA and the secretion of eDNA .
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OBJECTIVE To observe the neurotoxicity of 1-bromopropane(BP) and investigate the protective effects of edaravone(Edv) against BP-induced deficits of spatial learning and memory ability in rats by its anti-inflammatory mechanism. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were ig given BP 800 mg·kg-1 to develop the model, followed by Edv 1, 3 and 5 mg·kg-1 ip treatment respectively 4 h later for consecutive 12 d. From the 7th day (d 7), all rats were subjected to the five-day place navigation in Morris water maze (MWM) to measure the escape latency and the total swimming distance. On d 6 of MWM, spatial probe test was performed and the crossing times of rats were recorded to evaluate the spatial memory ability. At the end of the behavioral experiment, four rats in each group were randomly selected and the frozen section of the whole brain was sliced for thionin staining and immunohisto?chemistry. The other eight sacrifced rat brains from each group were harvested for the determination of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) by ELISA and nitrate reductase method, respectively. RESULTS The results of MWM test showed that compared with control rats the escape latencies of rats in BP group were increased by 60.8%, 81.9%,124.0% and 323.3%, respectively, during the d 2-d 5 of MWM, and the total swimming distance increased by 47.0%, 66.4%, 106.0% and 277.6%, respectirely. All the differences between BP group and control group were significant (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the spatial probe trial, the crossing times of rats in BP group were significantly decreased, compared with the control rats (P<0.01). Morphologically, thionin staining and immunohistochemistry revealed significant microglia activation and neuron loss in the rat forebrains, accompanied by a 147.6% and 18.7% increase in NO and TNF-α levels in rats treated with BP respectively compared with control values (P<0.05, P<0.01). After co-treatment at different dosages of Edv with BP, the escape latencies of rats in BP+Edv 5 mg·kg-1 group were decreased by 38.4%and 44.3%(P<0.01), and the total swimming distance decreased 34.5%and 43.3%(P<0.05, P<0.01), respectively, compared with the BP treated rats on the d 4 and d 5 of MWM test. The microglia activation and neuron damage in the brain of rats induced by BP treatment were significantly alleviated in BP+Edv groups. In addition, the contents of NO and TNF-α were decreased in BP+Edv 1, 3 and 5 mg · kg-1 groups, with a decrease of 53.8%, 55.4% and 59.8% in NO, and 12.2%, 15.8% and 22.2% in TNF-α(P<0.05, P<0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION Edv could effectively protect against central neurotoxicity induced by BP via anti-neuro?inflammation.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of [11C]CFT PET in the diagnosis and severity assessment of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods Thirty-eight patients with PD at various Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stages were included and underwent a [11C]CFT PET scan. The correlation between [11C]CFT uptake and unified Parkinson disease rating scale part III (UPDRS III) of PD patients was evaluated by calculating Pearson’s regression coefficient. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis was performed to compare the difference of dopamine transporter (DAT) distribution between ear-ly and advanced PD patients. Results There was a significant reduction of [11C]CFT uptake in the bilateral striatum of PD patients. There was a significant negative correlation between clinical scores of UPDRS III, rigidity, bradykinesia, pos-ture, gait and [11C]CFT uptake in the striatum. The SPM analysis revealed a significant and asymmetric decrease of [11C] CFT uptake in the striatum, predominantly on the putamen and caudate nucleus contralateral to the onset limb, in the posterior area of ipsilateral putamen in early PD (H&Y 1-2) patients compared with the normal controls. There was a sig-nificant symmetric decrease of [11C]CFT uptake in both putamen and caudate nucleus in advanced PD (H&Y 3-5) pa- tients, compared with normal controls. Compared with early PD patients, the reduction of DAT was more severe in bilater-al caudate nucleus and the ipsilateral putamen in the advanced PD patients. Conclusions [11C]CFT PET is a sensitive biomarker in the diagnosis and assessment of disease severity of PD patients.